Frogs and toads communicate primarily through vocal calls, most often produced by males during the breeding season to attract mates and establish territory. Each species has a distinct call — differing in pitch, rhythm, duration, and pattern — allowing individuals to recognize members of their own species even in wetlands filled with multiple calling amphibians. Because these calls are species-specific and closely tied to environmental conditions, scientists can record and analyze them to monitor when calling begins each year, how frequently species are present, and where they occur across the landscape. Tracking changes in call timing, distribution, and diversity over time helps researchers detect shifts in habitat quality, climate patterns, and overall biodiversity. By listening carefully to frog and toad choruses, conservationists gain valuable insights that guide habitat protection and restoration efforts to ensure these sensitive amphibians continue to thrive.